Technology Development

Agro technique Developed during Last Ten years

Crop Production

• Application of BGA (Blue Green Algae) in paddy saves 20-25% N/ha.
• Sulphur fertilization in pulses and oilseeds@20-40 kg/ha enhances crop yield of pulses and oilseeds.
• Application of 20-25 kg sulphur and boron @ 1.00 kg/ha enhances the yield in mustard.
• Use of rhizobium culture in pulses enhances the yield by 10 to 15%.
• Application of bio-fertilizers i.e. azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria saves 20-25 kg nitrogen & phosphorus/ ha.
• Intercropping of autumn planted sugarcane with mustard/ potato/ coriander/ chickpea/ field pea/ wheat/ lentil/ linseed/ garlic remunerative in sugarcane growing areas
• Intercropping of potato with mustard/ cabbage/ cauliflower/ coriander/ wheat/ linseed at the place of each 4th row of potato remunerative in potato growing areas
• Intercropping of late pigeonpea with maize/ ground nut/ til/ urd/ moong/ sorghum remunerative and about 30% pigeonpea covered under this practice.
• Intercropping of mustard with chickpea dwarf pea and lentil remunerative in rainfed area.
• Intercropping of linseed with chickpea remunerative in Bundelkhand zone.
• Intercropping of gram or pea with rain in ratio of 6:2 found remunerative than pure cropping.
• Border method of sowing in which sowing is done in rows and every 4th row is kept unsown, saves 25% seed and fertilizer and gives equal yield.
• Potato crop may be irrigated in alternate furrows, which does not reduce the yield and saves irrigation water.
• Thinning in mustard and pigeonpea increases the yield by 25-30 %.
• Sowing of overnight water soaked wheat seed increases the yield by 5-7 q/ha under late sown condition.
• 1 % solution of calcium nitrate spread after 21 days of flowering enhances the shelf life of tomato fruits.
• Broadcasting of seedling in paddy saves 70% transplanting cost.
• Onion seedlings dipped in 2 % Zinc sulphate solution before planting enhances the yield as well as quality of bulbs.
• Potato intercropped with Rai or linseed in the ratio of 3:1 proved remunerative over pure cropping.
• Potato intercropped with wheat (broadcasted) in the ratio of 3:1 has been found remunerative.
• Wheat or barley intercropped with mustard in the ratio of 9:1 has been found profitable.
• Chickpea or field pea intercropped with mustard in the ratio of 6:1 has been found remunerative.
• Inter-cropping of gram or pea with Rai in the ratio of 6:2 is more remunerative than pure cropping.
• The yield of maize is enhanced by 4-5 qts./ ha when sowing is done on ridges.
• Seed testing procedures have been standardized for ragi, methi, coriander and rajmash for which rules were not prescribed.
• Perennial problematic weeds like Kans and motha can be effectively controlled by the use of 41% Glyphosate @ 3-4 litres per ha.
• Pre-emergence application of Pendimethaline@1.10kg/ha found effective in controlling weeds in crops and intercropping.
• Soaking of seeds with Difolatan 80 WP or Thriam at least 24 hours found effective in eradicating seed borne infection of Alternaria brassicae increases germination and seedling vigour in mustard.
• Use of jamun as a rootstock and guava scion has been found effective in developing wilt resistant guava plant.
• 150:60:40 kg/ha NPK in normal sowing has been found suitable for high production in wheat.
• Significantly yield is enhanced in  aerobic rice  up to 150 kg/ha application  of nitrogen  in scheduled three split application as 1/3 basel + 1/3 AT + 1/3 PI
• The use of micro nutrients i.e. Zn & Fe in combination with recommended fertilizer dose, organic manure and cytokine spray was significantly enhance grain & Straw yield over the control.
• Application of 20 kg S/ha through SSP resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1947 kg/ha) and income ( B:C ratio of 3.6 ) under irrigated conditions in Uttar Pradesh.
• Bidi tobacco yield increased significantly with increase in N2 level from 120-200  Kg./ha.
• Transplanting of Bidi tobacco on ridges gave more yield than flat transplanting.
• Green manuring with Dhaincha was superior to other green manure in increasing the productivity of tobacco and leaf quality.
• Use of phosphogypsum V/s gypsum for reclamation of alkali / RSC water irrigated soil. maximum grain yield of rice was recorded with the application of amended water over control (untreated plots). The yield of rice irrigated with RSC water passed through 15 cm gypsum / phosphogypsum bed showed an increasing trend on crop yield.
• In potato,  application of 6 kg zinc along with recommended dose of NPK (180:80:100) kg/ha. produced highest tuber yield.
• In Pearl-millet, application of RDF + PSB + Azospirillum (22.35 q/ha) was yielded optimum yield.
• Application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen through vermi compost + IIHR microbial consortium @ 12.5 kg/ha gave optimum in coriander-radish sequence.
• Application of RDF 100%+vermi-compost @ 3.0 t/ha + ZnSo4 25 kg/ha+azotobactor 20g/kg seed in mustard could bring significant increase in the grain yield (28.57) of mustard.
• Hybrid Rice-wheat-green gram (G+R) for rice based cropping system and Maize+black gram-potato-onion for maize based cropping system could be suitable crop sequence under central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh
• Late sown chickpea could yield maximum if fed @ 100% RDF with Rhizobium+ PSB+PGPR in central zone of Uttar Pradesh.
• Wheat crop could yield significantly maximum with the management of weeds through post emergence tank mixed application of sulfosulfuron and met sulfuron (25+4 g/ha) at 25-30 DAS. The magnitude of increase in grain yield was 27.8% over weed check. 
• Under the land configuration and weed management practices in onion, raised bed pattern with 10 tonnes/ha rice straw along with application of Oxyfluorfen @ 225 g a.i./ha+one hand weeding at 40 DAT in onion effectively controlled weed all kind of weed with minimum nutrient depletion and produced highest bulb yield (211.05 q/ha), net return (Rs 197963/ha) and BC ratio (1:3.65). This treatment combination may be recommended for higher productivity and probability of Rabi onion in control Uttar Pradesh.
• 75% RDF along with seed inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB was observed an alternative of 100% RDF for the cultivation of chickpea in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh.
• In Pearl-millet, increase in nitrogen levels from 30 to 90 Kg. N/ha the grain yield improved to the tune of 17.1 and 32.8 % with the application of 60 and 90 KgN/ha, respectively over 30 kg N/ha.
• In Pearl-millet, the grain yield with the increasing doses of foliar spray of Feso4 from 0.25 % up to 0.75% over no foliar application. However, the Stover yield was significantly superior in the 0.50 and 0.75 % foliar spray
• In Pearl millet productivity under late sown situations than D1 (Last week of July 25-30th) than D2 (2nd week of August 10-15th ) conducted for three years (2015-17) exhibited the superiority of the nutrient combination of RDF + FYM @ 5.0t/ha + NPK foliar spray (19:19:19) @ 0.5% at 20-25 DAS by 35.6, 26.2 & 23.9 % in terms of grain yield over RDF alone in South Western Semi arid zone of U.P.
• Application of farm yard manure @10 t ha-1 along with Ammonium Sulphate supplying 120 kg N ha-1 and SSP supplying 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 gave maximum grain yield of wheat (38.29 qha-1)  in comparison to other treatment under study.
• Application of FYM supplying 40 kgha-1 N+NPK 120:40:40 kgha-1 increased the grain yield of wheat significantly over control and other treatments. Maximum grain yield of wheat (40.00 qtha-1) was found with the above said treatment.
• Application of 125%NPK of STR basis alongwith zinc@5 kgha-1 gave maximum grain and straw yield of barley.
• Maximum grain yield 35.88qha-1of rice was found with the application of farm yard manure @ 2 ton ha-1+ Ammonium Sulphate supplying N @ 120 kgha-1 and SSP supplying P2O5 @ 90 kgha-1 over other treatments under study.
• Application of treatment F40 N120 P40 K40 significantly increased grain yield of rice over control and other treatments and yield 35.79 qha-1 recorded with above treatment.
• Application of 125% NPK of STR with zinc @ 5 Kgha-1 gave significant maximum grain yield 34 65 kgha-1  and stover yield 8760  kgha-1 of maize in comparison to 100%NPK control , 100% NPK of  STR basis and followed by 125% NPK of STR basis with S @ 30 kgha-1 .
• Rice-chickpea cropping system, NPK doses (90:40:40 kg ha⁻¹) along with vermin-compost (5t ha⁻¹) or FYM@10t ha⁻¹ recorded at par yield of rice variety 1509 with recommended doses of NPK (120:60:60 kg ha⁻¹) fertilizers.
• Rice-chickpea cropping system, application of  NPK doses  60:30:30 kg ha⁻¹ along with green manuring of sesbania in situ was recorded yield of rice variety 1509 at par with the application of doses of NPK (90:40:40kgha⁻¹) alone.
• The maximum yield of gram was recorded with the residual effect of FYM @ 20t ha⁻¹/ vermin-compost@ 10t ha⁻¹ applied in kharif along with bio-fertilizers. It is important to note that gram may easily be grown with the residual effect of FYM or fifty per cent quantity of vermin-compost along with bio-fertilizer.
• The maximum improvement in soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potash was observed with the application of 20 tones ha⁻¹ FYM along with bio fertilizers and NPK (45:15:30 kg ha⁻¹) followed by 10 tones ha⁻¹ vermin-compost.
• Integrated application of 100 % NPK +1 0 t FYM was found most appropriate combination to produce higher seed cotton yield in hirsutum cotton under irrigated condition.
• Maize + blackgram-Potato-Onion crop sequence was found to the most productive cropping sequences while the Hybrid rice – Wheat cropping sequence was found most economical by giving the highest (1:2.83) benefit-cost ratio followed by Maize+Black gram–Potato-onion crop sequence by fetching Rs. 2.71 per rupee investment over all crop sequences.
• Okra cv. Arka Anamika, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 6ml/L + one hand weeding at 35 days after sowing was found suitable for maximum fruit yield (81.26 q/ha) with highest C:B ratio (2.48).
• The increment of yield was recorded 24.78% more treated with CSR-Bio (soil application + foliar spray) and 19.85% with CSR-Bio (soil application) over control. The results indicate that the use of CSR-Bio is beneficial for tomato and cabbage vegetable growing farmers.
• Intercropping of vegetable pea with rustica tobacco was recommended with application of Nitrogen @180 Kg N/ha for remunerative cultivation of resutica tobacco in U.P.
• In INM Practices with green manuring recommended 200 Kg N/ha remunerative cultivation of rustica tobacco in Uttar Pradesh.
• Significantly highest seed yield (2125 kg/ha), net returns (Rs.82,403/ha) and benefit cost ratio (4.45) were achieved with foliar application of Znso4 @ 0.5 % + Borax @ 0.3 % at 45 DAS. Soil application of Borax @ 1.5 kg/ha + foliar application of Borax @ 0.3 % at 45 DAS   
• Two time application of Auxin @ 1.0 ppm along with GA @ 200 ppm recorded significantly higher seed yield (2167 kg/ha) Net monitoring return (Rs.77,847/ha). Thus two time application of auxin @ 1.0 ppm  was also at par to it for significantly higher seed yield (2033 kg/ha) and Net monitoring return (Rs. 77,208 /ha.).
• RDF (60:3:20 NPK kg/ha)  +5 t FYM/ha+6 t/ha straw mulching +spray of KCL @ 0.5% was found best treatment to produce higher grain yield (49.13 q/ha) in Barley under timely sown condition.
• Integrated nutrient management package for French bean cv. Azad Rajmah-1 with the application of 75% NPK through inorganic source + 25% N through vermicompost was found suitable for realizing optimum green pod yield (77.08 q/ha) and highest B:C ratio (2.67).
• Application of  RDF 100% + vermi-compost @ 3.0 t/ha + ZnSo4 25 kg/ha+ azotobactor 20g/kg seed in mustard could bring significant increase in  the  grain yield (28.57) of mustard.
• Late sown chickpea could yield maximum if fed @ 100% RDF  with Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR (B3) in central zone of Uttar Pradesh.
• 75% RDF along with seed inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB was observed an alternative of 100% RDF for the cultivation of chickpea in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
• Wheat crop could yield significantly maximum with the management of  weeds  through post emergence tank mixed application of sulfosulfuron and met sulfuron (25+4 g/ha) at 25-30 DAS. The magnitude of increase in grain yield was 27.8% over weed check . 
• Hybrid Rice-wheat- greengram (G+R) for rice based cropping system and Maize+black gram-potato-onion for maize based cropping system could be suitable crop sequence under central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh

Usar Reclamation Technology

• In partially reclaimed Sodic soil, salt tolerant cultivars of oilseed/legume crops may be grown with sodium saturation to the extent of 30%.
• Rice-mustard rotation has given higher profit as compared with rice-chickpea and rice-lentil in the descending order.
• In alternate land use Karnal grass and para grass are quite tolerant to alkalinity and as such may be grown successfully without application of inorganic amendments.
• Performance of certain forest species viz. Acacia nilotica, Terminalia arjuna, Dalbergia sisso, Prosopis juliflora, eucalyptus and Casuarina equisetifolia have been found very useful in amended alkali soils.
• In Sodic soil 90 kg n/ha supplemented with dhaincha or FYM (15 t/ha) proved comparable with inorganic nitrogen added through urea @ 120 kg or 150 kg/ha.

Plant Nutrient Management

• Application of NPK/ ha@ 80:40:40 with row spacing 45 cm and plant to plant 20 cm gave optimum yield in sorghum.
• Application of 20-25 kg sulphur and boron @1.00kg/ha enhances the yield in mustard.
• Application of biofertilizers i.e. azosprillium, azotobacter, PSB with 50% dose of N & P (20:10) kg/ha gave highest net monetary return in linseed.
• Highest yield of Pearl Millet was obtained with application of recommended dose of N &P (60:40) along with 30 kg. K2O/ha, and FYM @ 5t/ha
• Hookah tobacco cured leaf yield increased with increase of P application from 30-50 Kg P2O5/ ha and K from 30-50 Kg/K2O/ha.
• Two foliar application of 2% KNO3 produced significantly more seed cotton yield in hirsutum
• Foliar spray of 1% MgSO4+ 0.5% ZnSO4 followed by 2% DAP and 2% Urea found most remunerative treatment to get more seed cotton yield and profit in hirsutum
• Application of vermi-compost @2.5t/ha +recommended dose of NPK gave the maximum yield (204.76 q/ha) along with highest C.B. ratio in broccoli cv Aishwarya.
• Soil application of organic inputs viz FYM @ 10t/ha+ neem cake @ 500 kg/ha at the time of transplanting reduced pest infestation on brinjal (jassid, aphids and shoot borer) and gave higher yields with C:B ratio of 1:1.47.
• Application of 80 Kg N/ha with 20 kg Zn/ha obtained higher seed yield of coriander.
• The combination of VAM+ 75%P+ Full N and K doses produced maximum fruit yield of brinjal (410.34 q/ha).
• Combined use of borax+MnS04+Fes04+CuS04 @ 2.5+7.5+7.5+2.5 Kg/ha resultant in maximum leaf area, dry matter, number of seeds, seed weight per plant and seed yield (2762 kg/ha) in maize.
• Foliar application of B+Mo @ 0.2%+0.1% as well as single application of B+M0 gave maximum seed yield and other growth characters of mustard variety “Maya”.
• Application of B+Zn+Fe (5+15+15 kg/ha) followed by alone 5 kg borax/ha as soil application is more suitable for achieving higher yield of lentil crop.
• Application of 75%RDF+5.0 t FYM+5.0 kg zinc+25kg sulpher with azactobacter and PSB enhances crop yield in linseed.
• In usar soil, application of RDF 100% along with Micro nutrients enhances rice yield.
• Application of 50% RDF along with PSB and green manuring enhances crop yield in Rice.
• Application of 2 t FYM+40kg S+25Zn S04 + 1.0 kg boron with 100% RDF alongwith seed treatment with azactobacter enhances crop yield of mustard.
• Application of 120:60:60 NPK/ ha gave maximum seed and fibre yield in linseed.
• Application of 80:30:30 kg NPK/ha enhances the yield in castor
• Rice grown after green manuring with 90 kg N/ha gave highest yield.
• Application of FYM @ 10 t/ha + 90 kg N/ha biodynamic and compost + azotobacter along with 90 Kg N/ha yielded higher than recommended dose of N (120 Kg/ha) in paddy.
• The highest potato tuber yield was recorded at the dose of 180 kg Nitrogen/ ha.
• Application of FYM (20 t/ha) or vermin-compost (10 t/ha) along with bio-fertilizers (azospirillum +PSB+ BGA) and one fourth quantity of NPK (7:15:15) fertilizers recorded 28-30 q/ha grain yield of pea.
• Application of zinc @ 5.00 kg ha-1 and sulphur @ 60 kg/ ha-1. Increased grain yield of Urd bean.
• Application of 80kg/ha nitrogen with 20 kg/ha zinc enhances crop yield of coriander.
• Basal application of 20 kg/ha potash in American cotton enhances crop yield.
• Soil application of 1.0 kg /ha borex enhances production of Urdbean.
• Maximum grain and fodder yield was recorded at the application of 120:60:40 kg/ha NPK in sorghum.
• Application of 80:30:30 kg NPK/ha enhances the yield in castor.
• Application of zinc and sulphur @ 5.00 kg ha-1 and 60 kg/ ha-1 increased grain yield of urdbean.
• The application of N(180 kg ha.) in four splits ie ¼ at sowing ¼ at knee high stage, ¼ at tasseling and ¼ at 50% pollen sheding gave 20% more yield over three splits.
• Highest maize cobs, potato tuber, onion bulbs and net monetary return of 285783/ha was recorded with the application of 120:60:40:20:20 NPKS and ZnSO4 kg/ha.

Salinity Management

• Use of phosphogypsum V/S gypsum for neutralization of alkali water for sustained agriculture production without any alkali hazards was conducted during 2009-10. Results obtained from the field of rice-wheat cropping sequence grain yield recorded in maximum yield Rice 31.5 q/ha and wheat 34.3 q/ha. Sequence shows maximum grain yield of different treatments in order to phosphogypsum water neutralization <gypsum water neutralization < phosphogypsum (soil application < Gypsum soil application).
• There was considerable decrease in soil pH (9.45 to 8.49), ECe (3.80 to 2.72) and ESP (58.5 to 20.11) due to top soil gypsum application. Neutralization of RSC irrigation water through gypsum bed influence soil pH.

Weed Control

• The highest wheat grain yield (57.97q/ha) was obtained with application of isoproturon (0.75 Kg/ha) tank mix with 0.1% surfactant and minimum in weedy checks (45.11q/ha).
• The maximum yield of rice (51.55q/ha) was obtained with application of anilophos 0.5 Kg a.i/ha and minimum in weedy check (28.05q/ha).
• Foliar spray of pyrosulphuron (150 gm a.i) at 18-20 days of crop stage alongwith one hand weeding at 30 days of crop gave higher yield in transplanted and direct seeded paddy.
• The highest grain yield of rice (33.50 q/ha) was obtained with the application of butachlor (1.5kg/ha) +one hand weeding in direct seeded rice.
• Foliar spray of Anilophos0.4kg active ingradients/ha at 2-3 days crop enhances crop yield.
• Clodinofop @ 60 g ha-1 + metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g ha-1 was observed an alternative of hand weeding twice at 20 and 45 DAS for effective weed management of irrigated linseed in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh.
• The post emergence (at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds) application of clodinafop 60 g/ha resulted in significantly higher yield (2066.67 kg/ha), net returns (Rs.77,840/ha) and benefit cost ratio (4.00). However, hand weeding twice was also at par to it for significantly higher seed yield (1883.33 kg/ha).

Plant Protection

• Spray of endosulfan @ 15ml/ litre water is recommended for reducing fruit borer infestation in tomato.
• Relative efficacy of different neem based bio-insecticides was tested for control of storage insect and viability of wheat. Among Botanicals neem India @ 5.0 ml/kg, neemmaga l to 1.5 ml/kg and deltamethrin wp @ 40 mg /kg seed, were found equally effective for controlling insect infestation up to nine month of storage.
• Relative efficacy of different neem based bio-insecticides was tested for control of storage insect and viability of wheat. Among Botanicals neem India @ 5.0 ml/kg, neemmaga l to 1.5 ml/kg and deltamethrin wp @ 40 mg /kg seed, were found equally effective for controlling insect infestation up to nine month of storage.
• Intercropping of different crops with chickpea resulted that chickpea+marigold and chickpea + garlic were best combination to reduce the egg laying of Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea. Chickpea sown with marigold, garlic, fennel and mustard have low larval population on chickpea.
• Treatment with neemarin- endosulfan at 15 days interval proved the best in controlling jassids in okra were as Bt.-neemarin-endosulfan-trichogramma performed superiority in minimizing damage of fruit borer.
• Neem cake@ 30 gm/plant was effective to reduce the infestatioin of root knot nematode up to 13.9 per cent among bio-agents Paecilomycis lilacinus (Cfu) 2X106 @ 2.5 kg/ha was effective in reducing root knot nematode population in Okra.
• Pacilomyces lilacius @ 10 gm/kg as seed treatment or 2.5 kg/ha as soil application is found effective for reducing (23.10 to 24.38 per cent) population of Meloidogyne javanica in groundnut and increasing the yield.
• Pigeon pea intercropped with marigold proved to be the best in minimizing incidence of pod borers (6.0%).
• Topsin_M 1%, Copper blue50 (0.3%)and dithene M-45 ( 0.25%) recommended for management of Phytpthera blight in sesame.
• Aphids may be managed by intercropping of mustard with wheat/barley(1:3).
• Application of need cake (100kg/ha)+Trichoderma viride (2.5kg/ha) reduces 15% root lesion nematode in chickpea.
• FYM @ 10t/ha+ neem cake @ 500 kg/ha at the time of transplanting reduced pest infestation in brinjal (jassid, aphids and shoot borer) and gave higher yield.
• Application of foliar spray mencozeb @ 0.2% gave the higher yield and reduced the disease intensity of alternaria blight and powdery mildew of rapeseed & mustard.
• The application of NSKE @ 5% followed by Neem oil @ 2% gave the highest yield in rapeseed –mustard
• Seedling treatment in carbendazim (0.25%) + soil drenching with carbendazim (0.25%) three times at 15 days interval started with age of 25 DAT gave less incidence of Fusarium wilt (6.70%) and highest fruit yield 607.40 q/ha in brinjal.
• Three foliar spray of tridemorph (0.1%) or triademefon (0.25%) from initiation of the disease to control powdery mildew of pea.
• Application of neem cake 30gm/plant reduces root lesion nematode in cucurbits.
• Alternaria blight and powdery mildew may be easily managed by foliar spray of sulphur, bore and zinc oxide @ 2% .
• Application of neem seed cake 100kg/ha +Trichoderma viride5kg/ha reducing 15 % root lesion nematode in Chickpea.
• FYM @ 10t/ha+ neem cake @ 500 kg/ha at the time of transplanting reduced pest infestation in brinjal (jassid, aphids and shoot borer) and gave higher yields
• Application of foliar spray of mencozeb @ 2% gave the higher yield and reduced the disease intensity followed by Soil application of sulphur+ borax (10 kg/ha)+ Zn0 @ 15 kg/ha as basal dose for management of alternaria blight and powdery mildew diseases of rapeseed & mustard.
• Soil treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 2.5 kg/ha + Pochonia chlamysdosporia @ 10 kg/ha along with FYM is recommended for management of Pratylenchus thornei infecting chickpea.
• Two sequential spray schedules of fungicide in combination with insecticide i.e. (i) Mancozeb 0.25%+Methomyl 0.8g/L at 30DAT, Tricyclazole 0.1%+ Carbosulphan 2 ml/l at 45 DAT and Hexaconazole 0.1% + Profenofos 1 ml/l at 60DAT (ii) Mancozeb 0.25%+Methomyl 0.8g/l at 30 DAT, Propiconazole 0.1% + Carbosulphan 2ml/l at 45 DAT and Copper oxychloride 0.25% + Profenofos 1 ml/l at 60DAT recommended for effective management of foliar diseases of onion. 
• Seed Treatment with Vitavax @ 2.5g/kg seed along with two sprays of tilt gave best results in management of foliar blight with maximum yield of  46.1 q/ha.
• Fipronil 5SC @ 0.3gai/kg (6ml/kg of seed) was found to be quite effective in managing the termite damage in wheat crop.
• Imidacloprid (confidor 200SL) @20gai/ha (100ml/ha) and Coragen (18.5SC) Chlorantanilpride (110ml/ha) were found to be effective in control of foliar aphids in barley.
• For management of damping off disease in bidi tobacco nursery , formers are advised to apply two to three application of fungicide fenamidone 10% + mencozeb 50% @ 4 g/l was most effective in reducing the incidence of damping of disease in tobacco nursery and increased the healthy seedling for transplanting.
• Treatment with bioagent Bacillus pumilus @ 2.5kg/ha/ FYM/ha was superior to control Meloidogyne spp. in bittergourd.
• Cabbage leaves were found to act as biofumigant to minimize plant parasitic nematode in Okra @ 5kg/m2.
• In rice field nursery treatment with carbofuran 3 G @ 0.3 G a.i./m2 and soil application of carbofuran @ 1kg a.i./ha were found most effective to reduce the infestation of  M. graminicola.
• In cowpea the soil application of Purpureocillum lilacinum @ 20g/ m2 +neem cake @ 100g/ m2  as soil application was found most effective in reducing soil & root population of M. incognita.
• In okra the combined application of bioagent (seed treatment with Purpureocillum lilacinum @ 2.5 ml/kg +P . chlamydosporium @ 100 ml/kg along with soil application of   FYM @ 2 ton/ha was most effective in reducing soil  and root population of M. incognita
• Soil treatment by carbofuran 3 G @ 30kg/ha found most effective followed by cartap hydrochloride 4GR@ 10 kg/ha in reducing nematode infestation in groundnut. 
• Prophylactic spray (at the time of canopy closure) with mancozeb @ 0.25% followed by cymoxanil + mancozeb @0.3% at the time of disease appearance and one more spray with mancozeb @0.25% after 8-10 days of second spray is recommended for the management of potato late blight.

Stress Management

• Seed soaking in 0.1% thio-urea solution and inoculation of seed with azactobactor proved more effective in increasing yield of late sown wheat under limited water availability.
• Spray of thio-urea @ 0.1% at tillering and flowering stages improved the yield of pearl millet and found cost effective.
• Spraying of thiourea @ 0.2% at pre-flowering and pod filling stage produced significantly higher grain yield (969.0kg/ha) of mustard under limited water availability condition.

Production Technology

• Maximum grain (35.01 q/ha) and straw 51.52 qha-1) yields were recorded when seedling of paddy were transplanted at 20X10 cm. PB-1 gave positively significant yield up to 80 kg N ha-1.
• The grain yield of rice was recorded significantly higher with continuous submergence condition (44.93q ha-1) with N 180, P2O5 60 and K2O80 kg ha-1.
• Irrigation of sesame crop at branching and pod formation stage is found remunerative.
• Intercropping of sesame with urd in 3:3 ratio found most beneficial.
• Seeding castor at 90×90 cm being comparable with 120×90 cm recorded significantly higher seed yield than rest of the spacing.
• Thinning at 15 and 21 days with maintaining distance 15-20 cm for 12-15 plants /m.sq increase the yield in mustard.
• Rustica tobacco topping at 10 leaves stage gave the higher yield where as in bidi tobacco topping at 14 leaves stage gave the higher yield
• The seed yield of funnel increased at irrigation by tillering main umber development and seed setting stage (18.48 q/ha).
• The maximum mean yield (17.19 q/ha) along with highest C:B ratio (1:1:85) in bottle gourd cv. Kalyanpur long green was recorded with application of vermi compost @ 2.5t/ha +recommended dose of NPK.
• The maximum yield (362.73 q/ha) along with highest C.B. ratio in tomato cv Azad T-6 was recorded by planting in raised bed followed by straw mulch.
• Two spray of CCC-4000ppm (Pre branching & Pre flowering) proved increased the seed yield of Chickpea.
• Intercropping of Arhar:Marrygold (3:1) reduces the the incidence of nematodes in arhar crop.
• Intercropping of Gram:Linseed (3:1) is effective in management of pod borer in gram and fly in linseed.
• Groundnut crop maybe escape from bud necrosis by sowing of groundnut between last week of june to first week of july.
• Maximum yield in Urdbean was recorded by basal application of borex 1.0kg/ha
• Summer groundnut cultivation on ridges enhances crop yield.
• Intercropping of maize:Urdbean (1:2) enhances crop yield.
• Maximum green forage was recorded by sowing of subabool with anjan grass in ravines and wasteland.
• The seedling of 30 days old Azad T – 5 cultivar of tomato may be suggested for transplanting in gangetic plains of Northern India to obtain maximum seed .
• The 1st week of July found suitable for planting of pearl millet (hybrids/ variety) under South Western Semi-Arid Zone of U.P.
• The maximum yield (362.73 /ha) was recorded by planting in raised bed followed by straw mulch for tomato cultivation.
• Application of RDF 100% along with foliar spray of urea at flowering and capsule formation stage enhances crops yield.
• Application of Rhizobiom, PSB along with Foliar spray of boron 0.5% at flowering stage enhances crop yield of vegetable pea.
• Soil application of 1.0 kg /ha borex enhances production of Urdbean.
• Intercropping of maize with Urdbean (1:2) gave maximum yield.
• Maximum grain and fodder yield was recorded at the application of 120:60:40 kg/ha NPK in sorghum.
• Application of neem seed cake 100kg/ha +Trichoderma viride5kg/ha reducing 15 % root lesion nematode in Chickpea.
• Summer ploughing alongwith seed treatment with Carbosulphon (3%) enhances yield of pigeonpea.
• Application of 80:30:30 kg NPK/ha enhances the yield in castor.
• FYM @ 10t/ha+ neem cake @ 500 kg/ha at the time of transplanting reduced pest infestation in brinjal (jassid, aphids and shoot borer) and gave higher yields
• Spraying of Thiourea @ 0.2% at pre-flowering and pod filling stage provided significantly higher grain yield (969.0kg/ha) of mustard under limited water availability condition.
• Application of zinc and sulphur @ 5.00 kg ha-1 and 60 kg/ ha-1 increased grain yield of urdbean.
• Application of foliar spray of mencozeb @ 2% gave the higher yield and reduced the disease intensity followed by Soil application of sulphur+ borax (10 kg/ha)+ Zn0 @ 15 kg/ha as basal dose for management of alternaria blight and powdery mildew diseases of rapeseed & mustard.
• Seed treatment with NSKE or Trichoderma viride @ 10gm/kg seed was effective in controlling the nematode. On the whole the combination treatment i.e. NSKE @ 5gm/kg + Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg seed was most effective in reducing nematode population and increasing the yield.
• The seedling of 30 days old Azad T – 5 cultivar of tomato is found to maximize seed yield.
• The application of N (180 kg ha.) in four splits ie ¼ at sowing ¼ at knee high stage, ¼ at tasseling and ¼ at 50% pollen sheding gave 20% more yield over three splits.
• Metsulfuron + Carfentra zone (Redy mix) 50gm/ha recommended for control of broad leaves weeds in wheat.
• Row to row spacing 20 cm recommended for timely irrigated sown condition in wheat.
• Highest maize cobs, potato tuber, onion bulbs and net monetary return of Rs. 285783/ha recorded with the application of 120:60:40:20:20 NPKS and ZnSO4 kg/ha.

Seed Treatment

• Seed treatment with bifenthrin 10 EC, thiamethixam (cruser 35FS), fipronil 5Fs, endosulfan 35 EC were tested for the control of termite fipronil 5FS @ 0.3 g.a.i./kg and imidacloprid (Gaucho 70WS) @ 0.7 g.a.i./kg seed were more effective in reducing the pest incidence in wheat.
• Seed treatment with Bifenthrin 10EC, thiramethoxam 70 WS, Fiproil 5FS, Imidaclopril 70WS, thiramethoxam 50FF and endosulfan 35 EC were tested for the control of termite. Fipronil 5FS @0.3g.a.i/Kg seed and bifenthin 10EC @0.2 g.a.i./kg seed were more effective in reducing the pest incidence in barley.
• Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @3 g/Kg is recommended for reducing the jassid infestation and maximum yield in Okra.
• Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 0.25% and raising crop in green manure+ neem cake+ Trichoderma viride 2.0 kg/ha applied, gave best result in rhizoctonia root rot in cauliflower.
• Seed treatment with Ridomil MZ-72 @ 0.25%+ one need based foliar of Alliet 0.25% at 45 days crop in bowar system, decrease the downy mildew of cucumber crop.
• Most common seed borne mycoflora of tomato can be effectively managed by seed treatment with carbendazim @ 1g+ Thiram 2g/kg seed with carbendazim @ 1g+camtan @ 2g/kg seed or by carbendazim @ 2.5g/kg seed alone.
• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride gave maximum germination with 100% followed by Raxil 060 FS and Vitavax which are 98.64%, 96.00%, respectively in wheat.
• Seed treatment with NSKP @ 5 gm/kg+Trichoderma viride @ 5 gm/kg before sowing was proved effective in reducing root knot nematode, Meloidogyne Population and increasing the crop yield in pulses.
• Seed treatment of soybean by 50ppm Gibberelic acid gave 12% more yield.
• Germination and crop yield was improved by seed treatment of by ESO-15 and GA300ppm in wheat.
• Seed treatment with Paeciliomyces lilacinous @ 10 gm/kg reduces attack of nematode in groundnut.
• Summer ploughing alongwith seed treatment with carbosulphon (3%) enhances yield of pigeon pea by reducing Cyst Nematode.
• Seed treatment with NSKE or Trichoderma viride @ 10gm/kg seed was found effective in controlling the nematode.
• Spraying of Thiourea @ 0.2% at pre-flowering and pod filling stage provided significantly higher grain yield (969.0kg/ha) of mustard under limited water availability condition.
• Metsulfuron + Carfentra zone (Redy mix) 50gm/ha was recommended for control of broad leaves weeds in wheat.
• Maize + Urd-potato-onion cropping system found remunerative .
• Intercropping of maize with Urdbean (1:2) gave maximum yield.
• Row to row spacing 20 cm recommended for timely irrigated sown condition in wheat.
• Summer ploughing alongwith seed treatment with Carbosulphon (3%) enhances yield of pigeonpea.
• Seed treatment with NSKE or Trichoderma viride @ 10gm/kg seed was effective in controlling the nematode. On the whole the combination treatment i.e. NSKE @ 5gm/kg + Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg seed was most effective in reducing nematode population and increasing the yield.
• The seedling of 30 days old Azad T – 5 cultivar of tomato is found to maximize seed yield.
• Application of 20 kg P2O5/ha + seed treatment of castor with bio-phos @ 600g/ kg seed /ha increased the seed yield and economic returns in irrigated
• Maize + black gram-Potato-Onion crop sequence found most productive cropping sequences while Hybrid rice – Wheat cropping sequence was found most economical by giving the highest (1:2.86) benefit-cost ratio followed by Maize+Black gram–Potato-onion crop sequence by fetching Rs. 2.74 per rupee investment over all crop sequences.
• Maximum grain yield of rice was  found  with  100%  RDF  through chemical fertilizer while in wheat the highest grain yield (4499 kg/ha1) was recorded in treatment (50% RDF + 50% N through GLM).
• Studies on tillage and planting management in rice-wheat system indicated that green manuring with normal puddling has given maximum yield (3907 Kg/ha) of rice which was 19.9 and 9.7%  higher as compared to 50% puddling (3262 Kg/ha) and normal puddling (3562 Kg/ha), respectively. In case of tillage in wheat conventional tillage and one harrowing were found at par and were found better than zero and reduced tillage.
• The maximum seed yield of 19 q/ha of mustard can be achieved by adopting line sowing with thinning + N120 P40 + 25 Kg S/ha. The contribution of recommended NPK and line sowing with thinning was maximum of 38% while those of 40 Kg additional N and 25 Kg S was 11 and 7%, respectively.

Horticulture

• Experiment on spacing and nitrogen levels in Gaillardia revealed that application of 300 kg N/ha and spacing of 30×20 cm (high density) improved the flower and seed yield.
• Effect of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate on physico- chemical composition and shelf -life of aonla cv. Banarasi revealed that effectiveness of 1.5% calcium nitrate which improved physico-chemical composition as compared to control and other treatments. The maximum PLW (%) and spoilage (%) and maximum TSS, ascorbic acid and minimum acidity were observed under 1.5 per cent calcium nitrate pre-harvest spray treatment.
• Influence of bio-fertilizers on growth and flowering of marigold cv. Pusa Narangi revealed that application of FYM (250q/ha)+azotobactor (5kg/ha) significantly improved the growth, flowering and yield as compared to control.
• GA3 @ 200 ppm with 7 cm. planting depth produced higher no. of florets, weight of corm and no. of corm and cormels/plant as compared to 5 cm. depth in gladioulus cv. Mascagani.
• Application of 10 kg FYM+250g N+300g P+250g K/plant maximized the height, no. of leaves and weight of bunch/plant in banana.
• Application of azactobacter alongwith nitrogenous fertilizer enhances the yield of Adu orchards.
• Foliar spray of Zn (0.75%) was found most effective in flowering, the size of leaves, no. of leaves, growth of plant, size of spike and no. of corn in gladiolus.
• Application of 1000 g N+ 500 g P+ 250g k+ 50 kg FYM/ plant has promoted vegetative growth attributes in old rejuvenated ber orchards.
• In aonla cv. NA-7 spraying of zinc sulphate @ 0.6 % significantly reduced fruit drop  and increases fruit retention along with higher yield (83.36 kg fruits /plant) with more specific gravity, more length, width, weight and volume of fruits. Significantly higher pulp weight, pulp: stone ratio and reduced amount of titratable acidity were also recorded in fruits produced from the plants treated with zinc sulphate @ 0.6%. However, more moisture, total sugars and TSS Brix contents were obtained from borax 0.6 % treated plants as compared to control. To obtained higher yield of quality fruits, plants of aonla cv. NA-7 should be sprayed with zinc sulphate and borax each @ 0.6 % in the months of August in north Indian plains.
• In first year ratoon banana crop (tissue culture banana) cv. Grand Naine treatment of 100% RDF of NPK+50g Azospirillum+50g PSB+50g Trichoderma harzianum per plant produced tallest plants with maximum girth of pseudostem, number of leaves per plant, maximum length of inflorescence, number of fingers per hand and per bunch, finger length, weight, diameter, total soluble solids, total sugars, pulp and pulp: peel ratio with minimum amount of titratable acidity and peel.
• In aonla cv. NA-7 treatment with higher concentration of NAA (20ppm) significantly reduced fruit drop and increases fruit retention. It also gave maximum fruit yield (81.25kg / plant), increased fruit length, width, weight, volume, specific gravity, pulp weight and maximum pulp stone ratio. Plant treated with Borax @ 0.4% results with an increase in ascorbic acid content (605.00 mg/100g), while zinc sulphate at 0.4% significantly reduces the stone weight and acidity. GA3 @ 40ppm treatment significantly increase TSS and total sugars content.

Dairy

• Herbal coagulants i.e. lemon extract may be recommended for preparation of quality paneer from buffalo milk.
• Lemon extract may be use for the preparation of good quality chhena from 4% fat level of buffalo milk.

Seed Production

• In tomato seed coating of Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg seed + Imidacloprid @ 2ml/kg seed + Micronutrient mixture @ 20 g/kg seed enhanced yield.
• Pre-emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin (Stamp extra) @ 0.75 kg ai/ha gives higher seed yield (14.91q/ha) in vegetable pea.